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| chancellor = | predecessor = Paul Löbe | successor = ''none; office abolished'' |office1 = Vice-Chancellor of Germany |chancellor1 = Adolf Hitler |term_start1 = 10 February 1941 |term_end1 = 23 April 1945 |predecessor1 = Franz von Papen |successor1 = Franz Blücher | order2 = Minister President of the Free State of Prussia | term_start2 = 10 April 1933 | term_end2 = 23 April 1945 | governor2 = | predecessor2 = Franz von Papen | successor2 = ''none; office abolished'' | order3 = Acting ''Reichsstatthalter'' of Prussia | term_start3 = 25 April 1933 | term_end3 = 23 April 1945 | primeminister3 = Himself | predecessor3 = Adolf Hitler | successor3 = ''none; Prussia abolished'' | order4 = ''Reichsminister'' of Economics | term_start4 = 26 November 1937 | term_end4 = 15 January 1938 | chancellor4 = Adolf Hitler | predecessor4 = Hjalmar Schacht | successor4 = Walther Funk | order5 = ''Reichsminister'' of Aviation | term_start5 = 27 April 1933 | term_end5 = 23 April 1945 | president5 = | chancellor5 = Adolf Hitler | predecessor5 = ''none'' | successor5 = Robert Ritter von Greim | order6 = ''Reichsminister'' of Forestry | term_start6 = July 1934 | term_end6 = 23 April 1945 | president6 = | chancellor6 = Adolf Hitler | predecessor6 = ''none'' | successor6 = ''none'' | birth_date = | birth_place = German Empire | death_date = | death_place = Nuremberg, Bavaria, Allied-occupied Germany Suicide by poison | constituency = | party = }} | spouse = | }} | children = Edda Göring | parents = | relations = Albert Göring (brother) | occupation = | profession = | cabinet = Hitler | signature = Hermann Göring Signature.svg | allegiance = | | }} | nickname = | branch = | serviceyears = | rank = | commands = ''Luftwaffe'' | battles = | awards = }} Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; ; 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader, and leading member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). A veteran of World War I as an ace fighter pilot, he was a recipient of the coveted ''Pour le Mérite'', also known as the "Blue Max". He was the last commander of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 1, the fighter wing once led by Manfred von Richthofen, dubbed the "Red Baron". A member of the NSDAP from its earliest days, Göring was wounded in 1923 during the failed coup known as the Beer Hall Putsch. He became addicted to morphine after being treated with the drug for his injuries. After helping Adolf Hitler take power in 1933, he became the second-most powerful man in Germany. He founded the Gestapo in 1933, and later gave command of it to Heinrich Himmler. Göring was appointed commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe (air force) in 1935, a position he held until the final days of World War II. By 1940, he was at the peak of his power and influence; as minister in charge of the Four Year Plan, he was responsible for much of the functioning of the German economy in the build-up to World War II. Hitler promoted him to the rank of ''Reichsmarschall'', a rank senior to all other ''Wehrmacht'' commanders, and in 1941 Hitler designated him as his successor and deputy in all his offices. Göring's standing with Hitler was greatly reduced by 1942, when the Luftwaffe failed to fulfill its commitments and the German war effort was stumbling on all fronts. Göring largely withdrew from the military and political scene and focused on the acquisition of property and artwork, much of which was confiscated from Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Informed on 22 April 1945 that Hitler intended to commit suicide, Göring sent a telegram to Hitler requesting permission to assume control of the Reich. Considering it an act of treason, Hitler removed Göring from all his positions, expelled him from the party, and ordered his arrest. After World War II, Göring was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg trials. He was sentenced to death by hanging, but committed suicide by ingesting cyanide the night before the sentence was to be carried out. == Early life == Göring was born on 12 January 1893 at the Marienbad Sanatorium in Rosenheim, Bavaria. His father, Heinrich Ernst Göring (31 October 1839 – 7 December 1913), a former cavalry officer, had been the first Governor-General of the German protectorate of South-West Africa, (modern-day Namibia). Heinrich had five children from a previous marriage. Göring was the fourth of five children by Heinrich's second wife, Franziska Tiefenbrunn (1859–15 July 1923), a Bavarian peasant. Göring's elder siblings were Karl, Olga, and Paula; his younger brother was Albert. At the time that Göring was born, his father was serving as consul general in Haiti, and his mother had returned home briefly to give birth. She left the six-week-old baby with a friend in Bavaria and did not see the child again for three years, when she and Heinrich returned to Germany. Göring's godfather was Dr. Hermann Epenstein, a wealthy Jewish physician and businessman his father had met in Africa. Epenstein provided the Göring family, who were surviving on Heinrich's pension, with a family home in a small castle called Veldenstein, near Nuremberg. Göring's mother became Epenstein's mistress around this time, and remained so for some fifteen years. Epenstein acquired the minor title of Ritter von Epenstein through service and donations to the Crown. Interested in a career as a soldier from a very early age, Göring enjoyed playing with toy soldiers and dressing up in a Boer uniform his father had given him. He was sent to boarding school at age eleven, where the food was poor and discipline was harsh. He sold a violin to pay for his train ticket home, and then took to his bed, feigning illness, until he was told he would not have to return. He continued to enjoy war games, pretending to lay siege to the castle Veldenstein and studying Teutonic legends and sagas. He became a mountain climber, scaling peaks in Germany, at the Mont Blanc massif, and in the Austrian Alps. At sixteen he was sent to a military academy at Berlin Lichterfelde, from which he graduated with distinction (During the Nuremberg war-crimes trials In 1946, psychologist Gustave Gilbert measured him as having an intelligence quotient (IQ) of 138.) Göring joined the Prince Wilhelm Regiment (112th Infantry) of the Prussian army in 1912. The next year his mother had a falling-out with Epenstein. The family was forced to leave Veldenstein and moved to Munich; Göring's father died shortly afterwards. When World War I began in August 1914, Göring was stationed at Mulhouse with his regiment. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hermann Göring」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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